Biogas contains normally 55 – 65% Methane and 35 – 45% Carbon dioxide, with small amounts of H2S, N2, H2. These contaminants when burned, turn into the very corrosive Sulfuric Acid, which corrode the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units used for power generation. Heat and odor arise because proteins are being denatured under extreme anaerobic conditions.
The use of a Non-Active Biocatalysts as OrTec in Landfills and Wastewater Treatment Plants increases Methane generation and at the same time upgrades the quality of the gas produced by inhibiting the formation of H2S. This in turn reduces corrosion and eliminates odor.
Within the fermentation process, Water (H2O) has the Hydrogen molecule (H2) freed because bacteria consume the oxygen. In turn this Hydrogen molecule (H2) then works as a sterilizer on the “biomass”, killing off bacteria. During this process, methane gas (CH4) is produced using the H2 in its make up. The problems occur when Sulfate used as an oxygen source by the bacteria, turn into Sulfide and with the Hydrogen molecules (H2) form Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S).
The formation of a stable gas is unlikely, because the end products of anaerobic fermentation are likely to include intermediates such as volatile organic acids, which may be toxic to methane forming bacteria, consequently promoting upset of the process.
The waste does not usually contain sufficient electron acceptors to permit complete oxidation, and hence stable gas production is difficult. Anaerobic bacteria oxidize organic matter utilizing electron acceptors other than oxygen. During these metabolic processes they produce CO2, H2O, H2S, CH4, NH3 and N2.
In summary the advantages of adding a Non-Active Biocatalyst in anaerobic methane recovery systems include:
- Increased gas production
- Reduction in corrosive nature of gas through prevention of Sulfuric Acid
- Increased sludge degradation
- Reduction in COD/ BOD content of effluent exiting digester
- Increased solids settleability
- Lower total solids requiring disposal
- Increased organic loading capacity
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With continual use of a Non-Active Biocatalyst, a more efficient oxidation process is facilitated via the provision of sufficient electron acceptors. The result is a stabilized system, which optimizes the production of methane gas and the degradation of organic matter. Due to a more complete oxidation process, the bacteria population does not utilize sulfur compounds such as sulfates as an oxygen source.
Through these stimulation effects on bacteria, the complete anaerobic bacterial environment is enhanced and the most noticeable effect of the product working will initially be the odor eradication.
Dosing a Non-Active Biocatalyst onto a landfill will also be beneficial with regards to temperature control of the waste (allowing micro-organisms to start to work throughout most of the waste) and its use will most likely result in temperatures of 104 F. This is in contrast with most typical landfills, where the temperature of 140 F, restricts bacterial life and consequently the degradation of waste is also restricted.
A full conversion of the “biomass” which will result in the above benefits will generally take several weeks of dosing (although odor control will naturally be attained in the first days). Within this period of time, all the biomass will become biologically active so that substances are broken down giving enhanced quality and quantity of biogas.